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The history of Carthage has seen a succession of several eras.
Punic Carthage
- 814 BC. JC: Carthage Foundation, The Tyrian princess Elyssa known as Queen Dido fled the tyranny of her brother Pygmalion, king of the Phoenicians and has undertaken a long journey around the Mediterranean in search of a privileged site where she could build a new city: Qart Hadasht
- Seventh in the fourth century BC. JC, :Carthage extended its empire and founded new Phoenician colonies, extending from the western Mediterranean to the shores of Atlantic Central Africa.
- From 264 to 146 BC: Carthage, lived during this period three great wars against Rome called the Punic wars, which took place between Carthage and Rome, and saw a military campaign led by the great leader Hannibal across the Alps with his elephants, from 218 to 202 BC.The war ended with the defeat of Carthage and fell under Rome.
-1st Punic War: 264 - 241 BC. JC: Victory of the Roman fleet in 241 BC, Carthage was called for a a peace treaty and lost Sicily
-1st Punic War: 219 - 201 av. JC: After his glorious victories against the Romans, the Carthaginian leader Hannibal is defeated by Scipio Africanus at Zama in 202 BC. JC
-3rd Punic War: 149-146 BC. JC: In 146 BC. JC Carthage est totalement détruite par Scipion Emilien. BC Carthage was completely destroyed by Scipio Aemilianus.
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Punic Carthage map |
Punic mask |
Carthage in Roman era
When it was attached to the Romanian Empire. Carthage was rebuilt during the reign of Augustus Octavios the late first century BC.
Carthage has been provided to all who can benefit a great Roman city as urban infrastructure, public buildings, religious , and luxurious houses.
Carthage became the administrative , cultural, and artistic province of Ifriqiya, and its development is bright with a high level of luxury , with a very creative, cultural, and artistic. movement
Since the fall of the Severan dynasty in 235 AD, Carthage fell into almost half a century of disorder.
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Map of Romanian Carthage |
Carthage in the Christendom era
Mosaics of Roman towns |
From 312 AD during the reign of Emperor Constantine, Christianity definitely needed. Carthage became a major cultural and intellectual center of the Roman Empire and then experienced an intense religious life. |
Carthage under the Vandals (439-534 AD)
Despite resistance from nearly eight years Vandal invasions, Carthage fell in 440 AD Its monuments were vandalized, looted and burned, including the theater, the Odeon, the Baths of Antoninus, churches, ... |
Theater carthage |
Byzantine Carthage (534-698 AD)
A masterpiece of the Museum of Carthage |
Belisarius releases Carthage Vandal domination in 534, and the city was again experiencing a true prosperity and a new renaissance.
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Arab-Muslim Carthage
The year 670 marked the beginning of the Islamic conquest. The Umayyad Caliph Hassan Ibn Nooman Ifriqiya sent an army under the command of Ibn Okba Nafâa. Despite his victories in the south of Tunisia, the legendary leader encountered fierce resistance of Berber tribes commanded by Koussaila. In 698, Hassan Ibn Nooman finally arrived to conquer all the Byzantine and Berber resistance, including that of the Berber queen El Kahena.
Carthage lost its status as capital, and was replaced in turn by Kairouan, Mahdia and finally Tunis.
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Arab-Muslim Architecture |
Contemporary Carthage
Christianity has tried in the mid-nineteenth century to restore the glory of religion at Carthage, where in 1857, Cardinal Lavigerie built the church, "St. Louis Cathedral" and the building of the White Fathers.
The establishment of the French protectorate in 1881 in the Regency of Tunis enabled the Catholic Church to try to revive the glorious bishopric of Saint Cyprian. "(He was bishop of Carthage from its 249 AD, a Christian father and a writer).
Carthage has become since the early twentieth century, the residence of Lamine Bey, the last Bey of Tunisia.
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Carthage in the early twentieth century |
On July 31, 1954, that's where the French Prime Minister Pierre Mendes France, proclaimed the internal autonomy of Tunisia.
After the Proclamation of the Republic, July 25, 1957, the first President of the Republic, Habib Bourguiba, it built a new palace to house the Presidency of the Republic.
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